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Large and Small Language Models

Architecture for Enterprise-Grade Agentic AI Systems

LangGraph: The Architecture for Enterprise-Grade Agentic AI Systems Modern enterprises need AI that doesn’t just answer questions—but thinks, plans, and acts autonomously. LangGraph provides the framework to build these next-generation agentic systems capable of: ✅ Multi-step reasoning across complex workflows✅ Dynamic decision-making with real-time tool selection✅ Stateful execution that maintains context across operations✅ Seamless integration with enterprise knowledge bases and APIs 1. LangGraph’s Graph-Based Architecture At its core, LangGraph models AI workflows as Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs): This structure enables:✔ Conditional branching (different paths based on data)✔ Parallel processing where possible✔ Guaranteed completion (no infinite loops) Example Use Case:A customer service agent that: 2. Multi-Hop Knowledge Retrieval Enterprise queries often require connecting information across multiple sources. LangGraph treats this as a graph traversal problem: python Copy # Neo4j integration for structured knowledge from langchain.graphs import Neo4jGraph graph = Neo4jGraph(url=”bolt://localhost:7687″, username=”neo4j”, password=”password”) query = “”” MATCH (doc:Document)-[:REFERENCES]->(policy:Policy) WHERE policy.name = ‘GDPR’ RETURN doc.title, doc.url “”” results = graph.query(query) # → Feeds into LangGraph nodes Hybrid Approach: 3. Building Autonomous Agents LangGraph + LangChain agents create systems that: python Copy from langchain.agents import initialize_agent, Tool from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI # Define tools search_tool = Tool( name=”ProductSearch”, func=search_product_db, description=”Searches internal product catalog” ) # Initialize agent agent = initialize_agent( tools=[search_tool], llm=ChatOpenAI(model=”gpt-4″), agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION ) # Execute response = agent.run(“Find compatible accessories for Model X-42”) 4. Full Implementation Example Enterprise Document Processing System: python Copy from langgraph.graph import StateGraph from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings from langchain.vectorstores import Pinecone # 1. Define shared state class DocProcessingState(BaseModel): query: str retrieved_docs: list = [] analysis: str = “” actions: list = [] # 2. Create nodes def retrieve(state): vectorstore = Pinecone.from_existing_index(“docs”, OpenAIEmbeddings()) state.retrieved_docs = vectorstore.similarity_search(state.query) return state def analyze(state): # LLM analysis of documents state.analysis = llm(f”Summarize key points from: {state.retrieved_docs}”) return state # 3. Build workflow workflow = StateGraph(DocProcessingState) workflow.add_node(“retrieve”, retrieve) workflow.add_node(“analyze”, analyze) workflow.add_edge(“retrieve”, “analyze”) workflow.add_edge(“analyze”, END) # 4. Execute agent = workflow.compile() result = agent.invoke({“query”: “2025 compliance changes”}) Why This Matters for Enterprises The Future:LangGraph enables AI systems that don’t just assist workers—but autonomously execute complete business processes while adhering to organizational rules and structures. “This isn’t chatbot AI—it’s digital workforce AI.” Next Steps: Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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The Growing Role of AI in Cloud Management

Introducing TACO

Advancing Multi-Modal AI with TACO: A Breakthrough in Reasoning and Tool Integration Developing effective multi-modal AI systems for real-world applications demands mastering diverse tasks, including fine-grained recognition, visual grounding, reasoning, and multi-step problem-solving. However, current open-source multi-modal models fall short in these areas, especially when tasks require external tools like OCR or mathematical calculations. These limitations largely stem from the reliance on single-step datasets that fail to provide a coherent framework for multi-step reasoning and logical action chains. Addressing these shortcomings is crucial for unlocking multi-modal AI’s full potential in tackling complex challenges. Challenges in Existing Multi-Modal Models Most existing multi-modal models rely on instruction tuning with direct-answer datasets or few-shot prompting approaches. Proprietary systems like GPT-4 have demonstrated the ability to effectively navigate CoTA (Chains of Thought and Actions) reasoning, but open-source models struggle due to limited datasets and tool integration. Earlier efforts, such as LLaVa-Plus and Visual Program Distillation, faced barriers like small dataset sizes, poor-quality training data, and a narrow focus on simple question-answering tasks. These limitations hinder their ability to address complex, multi-modal challenges requiring advanced reasoning and tool application. Introducing TACO: A Multi-Modal Action Framework Researchers from the University of Washington and Salesforce Research have introduced TACO (Training Action Chains Optimally), an innovative framework that redefines multi-modal learning by addressing these challenges. TACO introduces several advancements that establish a new benchmark for multi-modal AI performance: Training and Architecture TACO’s training process utilized a carefully curated CoTA dataset of 293K instances from 31 sources, including Visual Genome, offering a diverse range of tasks such as mathematical reasoning, OCR, and visual understanding. The system employs: Benchmark Performance TACO demonstrated significant performance improvements across eight benchmarks, achieving an average accuracy increase of 3.6% over instruction-tuned baselines and gains as high as 15% on MMVet tasks involving OCR and mathematical reasoning. Key findings include: Transforming Multi-Modal AI Applications TACO represents a transformative step in multi-modal action modeling by addressing critical deficiencies in reasoning and tool-based actions. Its innovative approach leverages high-quality synthetic datasets and advanced training methodologies to unlock the potential of multi-modal AI in real-world applications, from visual question answering to complex multi-step reasoning tasks. By bridging the gap between reasoning and action integration, TACO paves the way for AI systems capable of tackling intricate scenarios with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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Prompt Decorators

Prompt Decorators

Prompt Decorators: A Structured Approach to Enhancing AI Responses Artificial intelligence has transformed how we interact with technology, offering powerful capabilities in content generation, research, and problem-solving. However, the quality of AI responses often hinges on how effectively users craft their prompts. Many encounter challenges such as vague answers, inconsistent outputs, and the need for repetitive refinement. Prompt Decorators provide a solution—structured prefixes that guide AI models to generate clearer, more logical, and better-organized responses. Inspired by Python decorators, this method standardizes prompt engineering, making AI interactions more efficient and reliable. The Challenge of AI Prompting While AI models like ChatGPT excel at generating human-like text, their outputs can vary widely based on prompt phrasing. Common issues include: Without a systematic approach, users waste time fine-tuning prompts instead of getting useful answers. What Are Prompt Decorators? Prompt Decorators are simple prefixes added to prompts to modify AI behavior. They enforce structured reasoning, improve accuracy, and customize responses. Example Without a Decorator: “Suggest a name for an AI YouTube channel.”→ The AI may return a basic list of names without justification. Example With +++Reasoning Decorator: “+++Reasoning Suggest a name for an AI YouTube channel.”→ The AI first explains its naming criteria (e.g., clarity, memorability, relevance) before generating suggestions. Key Prompt Decorators & Their Uses Decorator Function Example Use Case +++Reasoning Forces AI to explain logic before answering “+++Reasoning What’s the best AI model for text generation?” +++StepByStep Breaks complex tasks into clear steps “+++StepByStep How do I fine-tune an LLM?” +++Debate Presents pros and cons for balanced discussion “+++Debate Is cryptocurrency a good investment?” +++Critique Evaluates strengths/weaknesses before suggesting improvements “+++Critique Analyze the pros and cons of online education.” +++Refine(N) Iteratively improves responses (N = refinement rounds) “+++Refine(3) Write a tagline for an AI startup.” +++CiteSources Includes references for claims “+++CiteSources Who invented the printing press?” +++FactCheck Prioritizes verified information “+++FactCheck What are the health benefits of coffee?” +++OutputFormat(FMT) Structures responses (JSON, Markdown, etc.) “+++OutputFormat(JSON) List top AI trends in 2024.” +++Tone(STYLE) Adjusts response tone (formal, casual, etc.) “+++Tone(Formal) Write an email requesting a deadline extension.” Why Use Prompt Decorators? Real-World Applications The Future of Prompt Decorators As AI evolves, Prompt Decorators could: Conclusion Prompt Decorators offer a simple yet powerful way to enhance AI interactions. By integrating structured directives, users can achieve more reliable, insightful, and actionable outputs—reducing frustration and unlocking AI’s full potential. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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No-Code Generative AI

Generative-Driven Development

Nowhere has the rise of generative AI tools been more transformative than in software development. It began with GitHub Copilot’s enhanced autocomplete, which then evolved into interactive, real-time coding assistants like Aider and Cursor that allow engineers to dictate changes and see them applied live in their editor. Today, platforms like Devin.ai aim even higher, aspiring to create autonomous software systems capable of interpreting feature requests or bug reports and delivering ready-to-review code. At its core, the ambition of these AI tools mirrors the essence of software itself: to automate human work. Whether you were writing a script to automate CSV parsing in 2005 or leveraging AI today, the goal remains the same—offloading repetitive tasks to machines. What makes generative AI tools distinct, however, is their focus on automating the work of automation itself. Framing this as a guiding principle enables us to consider the broader challenges and opportunities generative AI brings to software development. Automate the Process of Automation The Doctor-Patient Strategy Most contemporary generative AI tools operate under what can be called the Doctor-Patient strategy. In this model, the GenAI tool acts on a codebase as a distinct, external entity—much like a doctor treats a patient. The relationship is one-directional: the tool modifies the codebase based on given instructions but remains isolated from the architecture and decision-making processes within it. Why This Strategy Dominates: However, the limitations of this strategy are becoming increasingly apparent. Over time, the unidirectional relationship leads to bot rot—the gradual degradation of code quality due to poorly contextualized, repetitive, or inconsistent changes made by generative AI. Understanding Bot Rot Bot rot occurs when AI tools repeatedly make changes without accounting for the macro-level architecture of a codebase. These tools rely on localized context, often drawing from semantically similar code snippets, but lack the insight needed to preserve or enhance the overarching structure. Symptoms of Bot Rot: Example:Consider a Python application that parses TPS report IDs. Without architectural insight, a code bot may generate redundant parsing methods across multiple modules rather than abstracting the logic into a centralized model. Over time, this duplication compounds, creating a chaotic and inefficient codebase. A New Approach: Generative-Driven Development (GDD) To address the flaws of the Doctor-Patient strategy, we propose Generative-Driven Development (GDD), a paradigm where the codebase itself is designed to enable generative AI to enhance automation iteratively and sustainably. Pillars of GDD: How GDD Improves the Development Lifecycle Under GDD, the traditional Test-Driven Development (TDD) cycle (red, green, refactor) evolves to integrate AI processes: This complete cycle eliminates the gaps present in current generative workflows, reducing bot rot and enabling sustainable automation. Over time, GDD-based codebases become easier to maintain and automate, reducing error rates and cycle times. A Day in the Life of a GDD Engineer Imagine a GDD-enabled workflow for a developer tasked with updating TPS report parsing: By embedding AI into the development process, GDD empowers engineers to focus on high-level decision-making while ensuring the automation process remains sustainable and aligned with architectural goals. Conclusion Generative-Driven Development represents a significant shift in how we approach software development. By prioritizing architecture, embedding automation into the software itself, and writing GenAI-optimized code, GDD offers a sustainable path to achieving the ultimate goal: automating the process of automation. As AI continues to reshape the industry, adopting GDD will be critical to harnessing its full potential while avoiding the pitfalls of bot rot. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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pydanticai

Pydantic AI

The evaluation of agentic applications is most effective when integrated into the development process, rather than being an afterthought. For this to succeed, developers must be able to mock both internal and external dependencies of the agent being built. PydanticAI introduces a groundbreaking framework that supports dependency injection from the start, enabling developers to build agentic applications with an evaluation-driven approach. An architectural parallel can be drawn to the historic Krakow Cloth Hall, a structure refined over centuries through evaluation-driven enhancements. Similarly, PydanticAI allows developers to iteratively address challenges during development, ensuring optimal outcomes. Challenges in Developing GenAI Applications Developers of LLM-based applications face recurring challenges, which become significant during production deployment: To address non-determinism, developers must adopt evaluation-driven development, a method akin to test-driven development. This approach focuses on designing software with guardrails, real-time monitoring, and human oversight, accommodating systems that are only x% correct. The Promise of PydanticAI PydanticAI stands out as an agent framework that supports dependency injection, model-agnostic workflows, and evaluation-driven development. Its design is Pythonic and simplifies testing by allowing the injection of mock dependencies. For instance, in contrast to frameworks like Langchain, where dependency injection is cumbersome, PydanticAI streamlines this process, making the workflows more readable and efficient. Building an Evaluation-Driven Application with PydanticAI Example Use Case: Evaluating Mountain Data By employing tools like Wikipedia as a data source, the agent can fetch accurate mountain heights during production. For testing, developers can inject mocked responses, ensuring predictable outputs and faster development cycles. Advancing Agentic Applications with PydanticAI PydanticAI provides the building blocks for creating scalable, evaluation-driven GenAI applications. Its support for dependency injection, structured outputs, and model-agnostic workflows addresses core challenges, empowering developers to create robust and adaptive LLM-powered systems. This paradigm shift ensures that evaluation is seamlessly embedded into the development lifecycle, paving the way for more reliable and efficient agentic applications. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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Python-Based Reasoning

Python-Based Reasoning

Introducing a Python-Based Reasoning Engine for Deterministic AI As the demand for deterministic systems grows reviving foundational ideas for the age of large language models (LLMs) is here. The Challenge One of the critical issues with modern AI systems is establishing constraints around how they validate and reason about incoming data. As we increasingly rely on stochastic LLMs to process unstructured data, enforcing rules and guardrails becomes vital for ensuring reliability and consistency. The Solution Thus a company has developed a Python-based reasoning and validation framework inspired by Pydantic, designed to empower developers and non-technical domain experts to create sophisticated rule engines. The system is: By transforming Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and business guardrails into enforceable code, this symbolic reasoning framework addresses the need for structured, interpretable, and reliable AI systems. Key Features System Architecture The framework includes five core components: Types of Engines Case Studies 1. Validation Engine: Mining Company Compliance A mining company needed to validate employee qualifications against region-specific requirements. The system was configured to check rules such as minimum age and required certifications for specific roles. Input Example:Employee data and validation rules were modeled as JSON: jsonCopy code{ “employees”: [ { “name”: “Sarah”, “age”: 25, “documents”: [{ “type”: “safe_handling_at_work” }] }, { “name”: “John”, “age”: 17, “documents”: [{ “type”: “heavy_lifting” }] } ], “rules”: [ { “type”: “min_age”, “parameters”: { “min_age”: 18 } } ] } Output:Violations, such as “Minimum age must be 18,” were flagged immediately, enabling quick remediation. 2. Reasoning Engine: Solving the River Crossing Puzzle To showcase its capabilities, we modeled the classic river crossing puzzle, where a farmer must transport a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage across a river without leaving incompatible items together. Steps Taken: Enhanced Scenario:Adding a new rule—“Wolf cannot be left with a chicken”—created an unsolvable scenario. By introducing a compensatory rule, “Farmer can carry two items at once,” the system adapted and solved the puzzle with fewer moves. Developer Insights The system supports rapid iteration and debugging. For example, adding rules is as simple as defining Python classes: pythonCopy codeclass GoatCabbageRule(Rule): def evaluate(self, state): return not (state.goat == state.cabbage and state.farmer != state.goat) def get_description(self): return “Goat cannot be left alone with cabbage” Real-World Impact This framework accelerates development by enabling non-technical stakeholders to contribute to rule creation through natural language, with developers approving and implementing these rules. This process reduces development time by up to 5x and adapts seamlessly to varied use cases, from logistics to compliance. 🔔🔔 Follow us on LinkedIn 🔔🔔 Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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ChatGPT Memory Announced

OpenAI ChatGPT Prompt Guide

Mastering AI Prompting: OpenAI’s Guide to Optimal Model Performance The Art of Effective AI Communication OpenAI has unveiled essential guidelines for optimizing interactions with their reasoning models. As AI systems grow more sophisticated, the quality of user prompts becomes increasingly critical in determining output quality. This guide distills OpenAI’s latest recommendations into actionable strategies for developers, business leaders, and researchers seeking to maximize their AI results. Core Principles for Superior Prompting 1. Clarity Over Complexity Best Practice: Direct, uncomplicated prompts yield better results than convoluted instructions. Example Evolution: Why it works: Modern models possess sophisticated internal reasoning – trust their native capabilities rather than over-scripting the thought process. 2. Rethinking Step-by-Step Instructions New Insight: Explicit “think step by step” prompts often reduce effectiveness rather than enhance it. Example Pair: Pro Tip: For explanations, request the answer first then ask “Explain your calculation” as a follow-up. 3. Structured Inputs with Delimiters For Complex Queries: Use clear visual markers to separate instructions from content. Implementation: markdown Copy Compare these two product descriptions: — [Description A] — [Description B] — Benefit: Reduces misinterpretation by 37% in testing (OpenAI internal data). 4. Precision in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Critical Adjustment: More context ≠ better results. Be surgical with reference materials. Optimal Approach: 5. Constraint-Driven Prompting Formula: Action + Domain + Constraints = Optimal Output Example Progression: 6. Iterative Refinement Process Workflow Strategy: Case Study: Advanced Techniques for Professionals For Developers: python Copy # When implementing RAG systems: optimal_context = filter_documents( query=user_query, relevance_threshold=0.85, max_tokens=1500 ) For Business Analysts: Dashboard Prompt Template:“Identify [X] key trends in [dataset] focusing on [specific metrics]. Format as: 1) Trend 2) Business Impact 3) Recommended Action” For Researchers: “Critique this methodology [paste abstract] focusing on: 1) Sample size adequacy 2) Potential confounding variables 3) Statistical power considerations” Performance Benchmarks Prompt Style Accuracy Score Response Time Basic 72% 1.2s Optimized 89% 0.8s Over-engineered 65% 2.1s Implementation Checklist The Future of Prompt Engineering As models evolve, expect: Final Recommendation: Regularly revisit prompting strategies as model capabilities progress. What works today may become suboptimal in future iterations. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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Why Build a General-Purpose Agent?

A general-purpose LLM agent serves as an excellent starting point for prototyping use cases and establishing the foundation for a custom agentic architecture tailored to your needs. What is an LLM Agent? An LLM (Large Language Model) agent is a program where execution logic is governed by the underlying model. Unlike approaches such as few-shot prompting or fixed workflows, LLM agents adapt dynamically. They can determine which tools to use (e.g., web search or code execution), how to use them, and iterate based on results. This adaptability enables handling diverse tasks with minimal configuration. Agentic Architectures Explained:Agentic systems range from the reliability of fixed workflows to the flexibility of autonomous agents. For instance: Your architecture choice will depend on the desired balance between reliability and flexibility for your use case. Building a General-Purpose LLM Agent Step 1: Select the Right LLM Choosing the right model is critical for performance. Evaluate based on: Model Recommendations (as of now): For simpler use cases, smaller models running locally can also be effective, but with limited functionality. Step 2: Define the Agent’s Control Logic The system prompt differentiates an LLM agent from a standalone model. This prompt contains rules, instructions, and structures that guide the agent’s behavior. Common Agentic Patterns: Starting with ReAct or Plan-then-Execute patterns is recommended for general-purpose agents. Step 3: Define the Agent’s Core Instructions To optimize the agent’s behavior, clearly define its features and constraints in the system prompt: Example Instructions: Step 4: Define and Optimize Core Tools Tools expand an agent’s capabilities. Common tools include: For each tool, define: Example: Implementing an Arxiv API tool for scientific queries. Step 5: Memory Handling Strategy Since LLMs have limited memory (context window), a strategy is necessary to manage past interactions. Common approaches include: For personalization, long-term memory can store user preferences or critical information. Step 6: Parse the Agent’s Output To make raw LLM outputs actionable, implement a parser to convert outputs into a structured format like JSON. Structured outputs simplify execution and ensure consistency. Step 7: Orchestrate the Agent’s Workflow Define orchestration logic to handle the agent’s next steps after receiving an output: Example Orchestration Code: pythonCopy codedef orchestrator(llm_agent, llm_output, tools, user_query): while True: action = llm_output.get(“action”) if action == “tool_call”: tool_name = llm_output.get(“tool_name”) tool_params = llm_output.get(“tool_params”, {}) if tool_name in tools: try: tool_result = tools[tool_name](**tool_params) llm_output = llm_agent({“tool_output”: tool_result}) except Exception as e: return f”Error executing tool ‘{tool_name}’: {str(e)}” else: return f”Error: Tool ‘{tool_name}’ not found.” elif action == “return_answer”: return llm_output.get(“answer”, “No answer provided.”) else: return “Error: Unrecognized action type from LLM output.” This orchestration ensures seamless interaction between tools, memory, and user queries. When to Consider Multi-Agent Systems A single-agent setup works well for prototyping but may hit limits with complex workflows or extensive toolsets. Multi-agent architectures can: Starting with a single agent helps refine workflows, identify bottlenecks, and scale effectively. By following these steps, you’ll have a versatile system capable of handling diverse use cases, from competitive analysis to automating workflows. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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Python-Based Reasoning Engine

Python-Based Reasoning Engine

Introducing a Python-Based Reasoning Engine for Deterministic AI In the age of large language models (LLMs), there’s a growing need for deterministic systems that enforce rules and constraints while reasoning about information. We’ve developed a Python-based reasoning and validation framework that bridges the gap between traditional rule-based logic and modern AI capabilities, inspired by frameworks like Pydantic. This approach is designed for developers and non-technical experts alike, making it easy to build complex rule engines that translate natural language instructions into enforceable code. Our fine-tuned model automates the creation of rules while ensuring human oversight for quality and conflict detection. The result? Faster implementation of rule engines, reduced developer overhead, and flexible extensibility across domains. The Framework at a Glance Our system consists of five core components: To analogize, this framework operates like a game of chess: Our framework supports two primary use cases: Key Features and Benefits Case Studies Validation Engine: Ensuring Compliance A mining company needed to validate employee qualifications based on age, region, and role. Example Data Structure: jsonCopy code{ “employees”: [ { “name”: “Sarah”, “age”: 25, “role”: “Manager”, “documents”: [“safe_handling_at_work”, “heavy_lifting”] }, { “name”: “John”, “age”: 17, “role”: “Laborer”, “documents”: [“heavy_lifting”] } ] } Rules: jsonCopy code{ “rules”: [ { “type”: “min_age”, “parameters”: { “min_age”: 18 } }, { “type”: “dozer_operator”, “parameters”: { “document_type”: “dozer_qualification” } } ] } Outcome:The system flagged violations, such as employees under 18 or missing required qualifications, ensuring compliance with organizational rules. Reasoning Engine: Solving the River Crossing Puzzle The classic river crossing puzzle demonstrates the engine’s reasoning capabilities. Problem Setup:A farmer must ferry a goat, a wolf, and a cabbage across a river, adhering to specific constraints (e.g., the goat cannot be left alone with the cabbage). Steps: Output:The engine generated a solution in 0.0003 seconds, showcasing its efficiency in navigating complex logic. Advanced Features: Dynamic Rule Expansion The system supports real-time rule adjustments. For instance, adding a “wolf cannot be left with a chicken” constraint introduces a conflict. By extending rules (e.g., allowing the farmer to carry two items), the engine dynamically resolves previously unsolvable scenarios. Sample Code Snippet: pythonCopy codeclass CarryingCapacityRule(Rule): def evaluate(self, state): items_moved = sum(1 for item in [‘wolf’, ‘goat’, ‘cabbage’, ‘chicken’] if getattr(state, item) == state.farmer) return items_moved <= 2 def get_description(self): return “Farmer can carry up to two items at a time” Result:The adjusted engine solved the puzzle in three moves, down from seven, while maintaining rule integrity. Collaborative UI for Rule Creation Our user interface empowers domain experts to define rules without writing code. Developers validate these rules, which are then seamlessly integrated into the system. Visual Workflow: Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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Empowering LLMs with a Robust Agent Framework

PydanticAI: Empowering LLMs with a Robust Agent Framework As the Generative AI landscape evolves at a historic pace, AI agents and multi-agent systems are expected to dominate 2025. Industry leaders like AWS, OpenAI, and Microsoft are racing to release frameworks, but among these, PydanticAI stands out for its unique integration of the powerful Pydantic library with large language models (LLMs). Why Pydantic Matters Pydantic, a Python library, simplifies data validation and parsing, making it indispensable for handling external inputs such as JSON, user data, or API responses. By automating data checks (e.g., type validation and format enforcement), Pydantic ensures data integrity while reducing errors and development effort. For instance, instead of manually validating fields like age or email, Pydantic allows you to define models that automatically enforce structure and constraints. Consider the following example: pythonCopy codefrom pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr class User(BaseModel): name: str age: int email: EmailStr user_data = {“name”: “Alice”, “age”: 25, “email”: “[email protected]”} user = User(**user_data) print(user.name) # Alice print(user.age) # 25 print(user.email) # [email protected] If invalid data is provided (e.g., age as a string), Pydantic throws a detailed error, making debugging straightforward. What Makes PydanticAI Special Building on Pydantic’s strengths, PydanticAI brings structured, type-safe responses to LLM-based AI agents. Here are its standout features: Building an AI Agent with PydanticAI Below is an example of creating a PydanticAI-powered bank support agent. The agent interacts with customer data, evaluates risks, and provides structured advice. Installation bashCopy codepip install ‘pydantic-ai-slim[openai,vertexai,logfire]’ Example: Bank Support Agent pythonCopy codefrom dataclasses import dataclass from pydantic import BaseModel, Field from pydantic_ai import Agent, RunContext from bank_database import DatabaseConn @dataclass class SupportDependencies: customer_id: int db: DatabaseConn class SupportResult(BaseModel): support_advice: str = Field(description=”Advice for the customer”) block_card: bool = Field(description=”Whether to block the customer’s card”) risk: int = Field(description=”Risk level of the query”, ge=0, le=10) support_agent = Agent( ‘openai:gpt-4o’, deps_type=SupportDependencies, result_type=SupportResult, system_prompt=( “You are a support agent in our bank. Provide support to customers and assess risk levels.” ), ) @support_agent.system_prompt async def add_customer_name(ctx: RunContext[SupportDependencies]) -> str: customer_name = await ctx.deps.db.customer_name(id=ctx.deps.customer_id) return f”The customer’s name is {customer_name!r}” @support_agent.tool async def customer_balance(ctx: RunContext[SupportDependencies], include_pending: bool) -> float: return await ctx.deps.db.customer_balance( id=ctx.deps.customer_id, include_pending=include_pending ) async def main(): deps = SupportDependencies(customer_id=123, db=DatabaseConn()) result = await support_agent.run(‘What is my balance?’, deps=deps) print(result.data) result = await support_agent.run(‘I just lost my card!’, deps=deps) print(result.data) Key Concepts Why PydanticAI Matters PydanticAI simplifies the development of production-ready AI agents by bridging the gap between unstructured LLM outputs and structured, validated data. Its ability to handle complex workflows with type safety and its seamless integration with modern AI tools make it an essential framework for developers. As we move toward a future dominated by multi-agent AI systems, PydanticAI is poised to be a cornerstone in building reliable, scalable, and secure AI-driven applications. Like1 Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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Salesforce Heroku

Salesforce Modernizes Heroku

Salesforce Modernizes Heroku PaaS with Kubernetes, .NET, and More Salesforce is rolling out a significant upgrade to Heroku, its popular Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), to better align with modern developer needs. Key enhancements include support for Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR), AWS Global Accelerator, Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS), AWS Graviton processors, and AWS Bedrock. The revamped platform, dubbed the Heroku Next Generation Platform, was unveiled at the AWS Re:Invent 2024 conference. While some features are in public beta, Salesforce plans to fully release additional capabilities by 2025. Catering to the Modern DeveloperHeroku’s overhaul reflects the growing dominance of Kubernetes and the increasing demand for AI-enabled applications, including autonomous ones built in Salesforce’s Agentforce. Rebecca Wettemann, founder of Valoir, notes that these trends required Salesforce to evolve Heroku to remain competitive in the PaaS market. Kubernetes, for instance, is widely used for app containerization across clouds, while AI applications are becoming a focal point for many developers. “The update broadens Heroku’s appeal to developers who rely on Kubernetes or are building AI applications,” Wettemann said. Another notable addition is support for open telemetry, a standardized approach to monitoring app performance. Developers can now stream real-time metrics such as app health and container logs into their preferred visualization tools. “This integration offers unparalleled flexibility for our customers to work with a wide ecosystem of telemetry collectors,” said Gail Frederick, Heroku’s CTO at Salesforce. Introducing .NET SupportOne of the standout updates is the inclusion of .NET, a widely used open-source framework. Developers can now use .NET languages such as C#, F#, and Visual Basic alongside Heroku’s existing support for languages like Python, Ruby, Java, Node.js, and Scala. This strategic move aligns Heroku with a broader audience, especially developers familiar with Microsoft’s ecosystem. “Heroku is all about developer choice,” said Frederick. “Adding .NET ensures we continue to serve diverse needs.” Streamlining Development and DeploymentHeroku aims to simplify app development by automating infrastructure management and lifecycle tasks. “Heroku is the platform developers turn to when they need things to work without thinking about infrastructure,” said Adam Zimman, Senior Director of Product Marketing at Heroku. The platform abstracts complex deployment steps, such as configuration, provisioning, and autoscaling, enabling developers to focus on coding and innovation. Apps are deployed as pre-packaged “slugs” that run on Heroku’s dynos, isolated Unix-based containers. Developers can scale their apps dynamically by adding or removing dynos via the platform’s management interface. Efficiency Gains for BusinessesZimman highlighted the efficiency benefits of Heroku’s approach, projecting up to a 40% boost in developer productivity and a 30% reduction in developer expenses. “By taking care of the heavy lifting, we enable businesses to deliver applications faster and more cost-effectively,” he explained. Heroku also offers over 500 pre-built add-ons and build packs, covering functions like messaging, database management, and email services. These integrations provide additional flexibility and speed up the development lifecycle. Scaling Beyond StartupsWhile Heroku is often associated with startups, Salesforce has scaled the platform to accommodate enterprise-grade applications. “Heroku now evolves with your business,” said Chris Peterson, Senior Director of Product Management at Heroku. The platform has powered over 13 million applications and 38 million managed data stores since its launch in 2007. Many Salesforce applications also run on Heroku, leveraging deep integrations to extend the Salesforce ecosystem seamlessly. Heroku’s pricing starts at $7 per month for a basic plan and scales up to $40,000 per month for enterprise-grade solutions, ensuring it meets the needs of organizations of all sizes. With these updates, Heroku continues to position itself as a go-to platform for developers, enabling faster time-to-market, reduced operational complexity, and a better overall development experience. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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AI Research Agents

AI Research Agents

AI Research Agents: Transforming Knowledge Discovery by 2025 (Plus the Top 3 Free Tools) The research world is on the verge of a groundbreaking shift, driven by the evolution of AI research agents. By 2025, these agents are expected to move beyond being mere tools to becoming transformative assets for knowledge discovery, revolutionizing industries such as marketing, science, and beyond. Human researchers are inherently limited—they cannot scan 10,000 websites in an hour or analyze data at lightning speed. AI agents, however, are purpose-built for these tasks, providing efficiency and insights far beyond human capabilities. Here, we explore the anticipated impact of AI research agents and highlight three free tools redefining this space (spoiler alert: it’s not ChatGPT or Perplexity!). AI Research Agents: The New Era of Knowledge Exploration By 2030, the AI research market is projected to skyrocket from .1 billion in 2024 to .1 billion. This explosive growth represents not just advancements in AI but a fundamental transformation in how knowledge is gathered, analyzed, and applied. Unlike traditional AI systems, which require constant input and supervision, AI research agents function more like dynamic research assistants. They adapt their approach based on outcomes, handle vast quantities of data, and generate actionable insights with remarkable precision. Key Differentiator: These agents leverage advanced Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technology, ensuring accuracy by pulling verified data from trusted sources. Equipped with anti-hallucination algorithms, they maintain factual integrity while citing their sources—making them indispensable for high-stakes research. The Technology Behind AI Research Agents AI research agents stand out due to their ability to: For example, an AI agent can deliver a detailed research report in 30 minutes, a task that might take a human team days. Why AI Research Agents Matter Now The timing couldn’t be more critical. The volume of data generated daily is overwhelming, and human researchers often struggle to keep up. Meanwhile, Google’s focus on Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, and Trustworthiness (EEAT) has heightened the demand for accurate, well-researched content. Some research teams have already reported time savings of up to 70% by integrating AI agents into their workflows. Beyond speed, these agents uncover perspectives and connections often overlooked by human researchers, adding significant value to the final output. Top 3 Free AI Research Tools 1. Stanford STORM Overview: STORM (Synthesis of Topic Outlines through Retrieval and Multi-perspective Question Asking) is an open-source system designed to generate comprehensive, Wikipedia-style articles. Learn more: Visit the STORM GitHub repository. 2. CustomGPT.ai Researcher Overview: CustomGPT.ai creates highly accurate, SEO-optimized long-form articles using deep Google research or proprietary databases. Learn more: Access the free Streamlit app for CustomGPT.ai. 3. GPT Researcher Overview: This open-source agent conducts thorough research tasks, pulling data from both web and local sources to produce customized reports. Learn more: Visit the GPT Researcher GitHub repository. The Human-AI Partnership Despite their capabilities, AI research agents are not replacements for human researchers. Instead, they act as powerful assistants, enabling researchers to focus on creative problem-solving and strategic thinking. Think of them as tireless collaborators, processing vast amounts of data while humans interpret and apply the findings to solve complex challenges. Preparing for the AI Research Revolution To harness the potential of AI research agents, researchers must adapt. Universities and organizations are already incorporating AI training into their programs to prepare the next generation of professionals. For smaller labs and institutions, these tools present a unique opportunity to level the playing field, democratizing access to high-quality research capabilities. Looking Ahead By 2025, AI research agents will likely reshape the research landscape, enabling cross-disciplinary breakthroughs and empowering researchers worldwide. From small teams to global enterprises, the benefits are immense—faster insights, deeper analysis, and unprecedented innovation. As with any transformative technology, challenges remain. But the potential to address some of humanity’s biggest problems makes this an AI revolution worth embracing. Now is the time to prepare and make the most of these groundbreaking tools. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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10 Top AI Jobs in 2025

10 Top AI Jobs in 2025

10 Top AI Jobs in 2025 As we approach 2025, the demand for AI expertise is on the rise. Companies are seeking professionals with a strong background in AI, paired with practical experience. This insight explores 10 of the top AI jobs, the skills they require, and the industries that are driving AI adoption. If you are of the camp worrying about artificial intelligence replacing you, read on to see how you can leverage AI to upskill your career. AI is increasingly becoming an integral part of our lives, influencing various sectors from healthcare and finance to manufacturing, retail, and education. It is automating routine tasks, enhancing user experiences, and improving decision-making processes. AI is transitioning from data centers into everyday devices such as smartphones, IoT devices, and autonomous vehicles, becoming more efficient and safer thanks to advancements in real-time processing, lower latency, and enhanced privacy measures. The ethical use of AI is also at the forefront, emphasizing fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI models and decision-making processes. This proactive approach to ethics contrasts with past technological advancements, where ethical considerations often lagged behind. The rapid growth of AI translates to an increasing number of job opportunities. Below, we discuss the skills sought in AI specialists, the industries adopting AI at a fast pace, and a rundown of the 10 hottest AI jobs for 2025. Top AI Job Skills While many programmers are self-taught, the AI field demands a higher level of expertise. An analysis of 15,000 job postings found that 77% of AI roles require a master’s degree, while only 8% of positions are available to candidates with just a high school diploma. Most job openings call for mid-level experience, with only 12% for entry-level roles. Interestingly, while remote work is common in IT, only 11% of AI jobs offer fully remote positions. Being a successful AI developer requires more than coding skills; proficiency in core AI programming languages (like Python, Java, and R) is essential. Additional skills in communication, digital marketing strategies, effective collaboration, and analytical abilities are also critical. Moreover, a basic understanding of psychology is beneficial for simulating human behavior, and knowledge of AI security, privacy, and ethical practices is increasingly necessary. Industries Embracing AI Certain sectors are rapidly adopting AI technologies, including: 10 Top AI Jobs AI job roles are evolving quickly. Specialists are increasingly in demand over generalists, with a focus on deep knowledge in specific areas. Here are 10 promising AI job roles for 2025, along with their expected salaries based on job postings. As AI continues to evolve, these roles will play a pivotal part in shaping the future of various industries. Preparing for a career in AI requires a combination of technical skills, ethical understanding, and a willingness to adapt to new technologies. As we’ve seen with Salesforce a push for upskilling in artificial intelligence is here. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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OpenAI Introduces Canvas

OpenAI Introduces Canvas

Don’t get spooked – OpenAI introduces Canvas—a fresh interface for collaborative writing and coding with ChatGPT, designed to go beyond simple conversation. Canvas opens in a separate window, enabling you and ChatGPT to work on projects side by side, creating and refining ideas in real time. This early beta provides an entirely new way of collaborating with AI—combining conversation with the ability to edit and enhance content together. Built on GPT-4o, Canvas can be selected in the model picker during the beta phase. Starting today, we’re rolling it out to ChatGPT Plus and Team users globally, with Enterprise and Education users gaining access next week. Once out of beta, Canvas will be available to all ChatGPT Free users. Enhancing Collaboration with ChatGPT While ChatGPT’s chat interface works well for many tasks, projects requiring editing and iteration benefit from more. Canvas provides a workspace designed for such needs. Here, ChatGPT can better interpret your objectives, offering inline feedback and suggestions across entire projects—similar to a copy editor or code reviewer. You control every aspect in Canvas, from direct editing to leveraging shortcuts like adjusting text length, debugging code, or quickly refining writing. You can also revert to previous versions with Canvas’s back button. OpenAI Introduces Canvas Canvas opens automatically when ChatGPT detects an ideal scenario, or you can prompt it by typing “use Canvas” in your request to begin working collaboratively on an existing project. Writing Shortcuts Include: Coding in Canvas Canvas makes coding revisions more transparent, streamlining the iterative coding process. Track ChatGPT’s edits more clearly and take advantage of features that make debugging and revising code simpler. OpenAI Introduces Canvas to a world of new possibilities for truly developing and working with artificial intelligence. Coding Shortcuts Include: Training the Model to Collaborate GPT-4o has been optimized to act as a collaborative partner, understanding when to open a Canvas, make targeted edits, or fully rewrite content. Our team implemented core behaviors to support a seamless experience, including: These improvements are backed by over 20 internal automated evaluations and refined with synthetic data generation techniques, allowing us to enhance response quality and interaction without relying on human-generated data. Key Challenges as OpenAI Introduces Canvas A core challenge was determining when to trigger Canvas. We trained GPT-4o to recognize prompts like “Write a blog post about the history of coffee beans” while avoiding over-triggering for simple Q&A requests. For writing tasks, we reached an 83% accuracy in correct Canvas triggers, and a 94% accuracy in coding tasks compared to baseline models. Fine-tuning continues to ensure targeted edits are favored over full rewrites when needed. Finally, improving comment generation required iterative adjustments and human evaluations, with the integrated Canvas model now outperforming baseline GPT-4o in accuracy by 30% and quality by 16%. What’s Next Canvas is the first major update to ChatGPT’s visual interface since launch, with more enhancements planned to make AI more versatile and accessible. Canvas is also integrated with Salesforce. Like Related Posts Salesforce OEM AppExchange Expanding its reach beyond CRM, Salesforce.com has launched a new service called AppExchange OEM Edition, aimed at non-CRM service providers. Read more The Salesforce Story In Marc Benioff’s own words How did salesforce.com grow from a start up in a rented apartment into the world’s Read more Salesforce Jigsaw Salesforce.com, a prominent figure in cloud computing, has finalized a deal to acquire Jigsaw, a wiki-style business contact database, for Read more Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Salesforce Enhances Service Cloud with AI-Driven Intelligence Engine Data science and analytics are rapidly becoming standard features in enterprise applications, Read more

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